Abstract: Under the impetus of the “Dual Carbon” goals, the electrification of heavy-duty trucks has emerged as a key measure for emission reduction in the transportation sector. In recent years, both the sales volume and penetration rate of new energy heavy-duty trucks in China have risen rapidly, with their electrification penetration expected to reach a phased ceiling of 30% ～ 50%. Policy is an important catalyst for accelerating the electrification process of heavy trucks. As the primary source of new energy heavy-duty trucks, pure electric heavy-duty trucks mainly rely on two methods for energy replenishment (electricity replenishment): charging and battery swapping. The technical economy viability of these two methods have been under constant debate, which this article provides a detailed analysis and accounting.